Many disorders can affect the nails, including deformity and dystrophy, infections, and ingrown toenails. Infections can involve any part of the nail and may or may not change the nail's appearance. Most nail infections are fungal (onychomycosis), but bacterial and viral infections occur.

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Specific types of nail discoloration and changes in growth rate can be signs of lung, heart, kidney, and liver diseases, as well as diabetes and anemia. White spots and vertical ridges are harmless.

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Nail problems that sometimes require treatment include

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• Bacterial and fungal infections

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• Ingrown nails

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• Tumors

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• Warts

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Keeping your nails clean, dry, and trimmed can help you avoid some problems.